Estudios científicos
Association between dietary habits and the risk of migraine: a Mendelian randomization study
Abstract:
Objective
The important contribution of dietary triggers to migraine pathogenesis has been recognized. However, the potential causal roles of many dietary habits on the risk of migraine in the whole population are still under debate. The objective of this study was to determine the potential causal association between dietary habits and the risk of migraine (and its subtypes) development, as well as the possible mediator roles of migraine risk factors.
Methods
Based on summary statistics from large-scale genome-wide association studies, we conducted two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) and bidirectional MR to investigate the potential causal associations between 83 dietary habits and migraine and its subtypes, and network MR was performed to explore the possible mediator roles of 8 migraine risk factors.
Results
After correcting for multiple testing, we found evidence for associations of genetically predicted coffee, cheese, oily fish, alcohol (red wine), raw vegetables, muesli, and wholemeal/wholegrain bread intake with decreased risk of migraine, those odds ratios ranged from 0.78 (95% CI: 0.63–0.95) for overall cheese intake to 0.61 (95% CI: 0.47–0.80) for drinks usually with meals among current drinkers (yes + it varies vs. no); while white bread, cornflakes/frosties, and poultry intake were positively associated with the risk of migraine. Additionally, genetic liability to white bread, wholemeal/wholegrain bread, muesli, alcohol (red wine), cheese, and oily fish intake were associated with a higher risk of insomnia and (or) major depression disorder (MDD), each of them may act as a mediator in the pathway from several dietary habits to migraine. Finally, we found evidence of a negative association between genetically predicted migraine and drinking types, and positive association between migraine and cups of tea per day.
Significance
Our study provides evidence about association between dietary habits and the risk of migraine and demonstrates that some associations are partly mediated through one or both insomnia and MDD. These results provide new insights for further nutritional interventions for migraine prevention.
Comentarios divulgativos:
La alimentación parece influir en la aparición de las migrañas, pero aún hay una gran incertidumbre al respecto. Esta investigación evaluó la relación entre 83 hábitos alimenticios y la migraña, utilizando un diseño de aleatorización mendeliana.
Los resultados indicaron que, con diferentes grados de certeza, el consumo de café, queso, pescado azul (evidencia confiable), verdura cruda, pan integral (evidencia insuficiente), vino tinto y muesli (evidencia débil) prevenían el desarrollo de migrañas. Por el contrario, consumir más pan blanco, copos de maíz o carne de ave (evidencia débil) aumentaba la probabilidad de migraña. Además, se observó que el insomnio y la depresión podían tener un papel en estos resultados. El pan blanco se asociaba con un mayor riesgo de insomnio, mientras que el pan integral, el muesli, el pescado azul, el vino tinto, y el queso se asociaban con un menor riesgo de insomnio y/o depresión.
Aunque se necesitan más investigaciones para confirmar la plausibilidad biológica de estos hallazgos, estos resultados podrían ser útiles en el desarrollo de futuras intervenciones dietoterapéuticas para la prevención de la migraña.