OBJECTIVE:
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) seems to play an important role in the etiology of atherosclerosis. To further study this, we performed two studies: (1) we determined the ability of 10 estrogen components of the drug, conjugated equine estrogen (CEE), trans-resveratrol (t-resveratrol) and quercetin (red wine components), trolox (vitamin E analog), and probucol (a serum cholesterol-lowering drug) to delay or prevent the oxidation of plasma LDL isolated from untreated postmenopausal women, and (2) we assessed the effect of long-term (>1 year) estrogen replacement therapy and hormone replacement therapy on LDL oxidation by ex vivo methods.
DESIGN:
For the in vivo study, three groups of postmenopausal women were selected based on whether they were on long-term CEE therapy (group A: 0.625 mg CEE; n = 21), on combination CEE plus progestogen therapy (group B: 0.625 mg CEE + 5.0 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate, 10 days; n = 20), or not on any hormone therapy (group C; n = 37). For the in vitro study, only LDL samples obtained from group C were used. The kinetics of LDL oxidation were measured by continuously monitoring the formation of conjugated dienes followed by determination of the lag time.
RESULTS:
All compounds tested protected the LDL from oxidative damage. The relative antioxidant potency of estrogen components was generally greater than that of the other compounds. The minimum dose (nmoles) required to double the lag time from the control lag time of 57 ± 2 min was 0.47 for 17β-dihydroequilenin, 17α-dihydroequilenin, Δ-estrone; 0.6 to 0.7 for Δ-17β-estradiol, equilenin, and quercetin; 0.9 for 17β-dihydroequilin and 17α-dihydroequilin; 1.3 for equilin, estrone, 17β-estradiol, 17α-estradiol; 1.4 for trolox; 1.9 for probucol; and 3.0 for t-resveratrol. The data from the in vivo study indicate that after long-term estrogen replacement therapy (group A) and hormone replacement therapy (group B), the LDL was significantly (p < 0.01) protected (higher lag time) against oxidation compared with the control (group C). There was no difference between groups A and B.
CONCLUSIONS:
The oxidation of LDL isolated from postmenopausal women is inhibited differentially by various estrogens and other antioxidants. The unique ring B unsaturated estrogen components of CEE were the most potent, and t-resveratrol, the red wine component, was the least potent. Long-term CEE or CEE + medroxyprogesterone acetate administration to postmenopausal women protects the LDL against oxidation to the same extent. These combined data support the hypothesis that some of the cardioprotective benefits associated with CEE therapy and perhaps red wine consumption may be due to the ability of their components to protect LDL against oxidative modifications.

En este estudio los autores evalúan en mujeres postmenopáusicas cómo afectan diferentes compuestos a la oxidación de las lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL colesterol, comúnmente denominado como colesterol malo) ya que este proceso está relacionado con el desarrollo de la aterosclerosis, enfermedad que daña los vasos sanguíneos que se estrechan por el acúmulo de grasas.
En los resultados observaron que todos los compuestos probados reducían la oxidación de las LDL (fármacos estrogénicos, trans-resveratrol y quercetina ambos procedentes del vino tinto, trolox similar a la vitamina E), pero los fármacos con estrógenos eran los más efectivos y el trans-resveratrol, del vino tinto, era el menos potente.