Estudios científicos
Inhibition of PTP1B restores IRS1-mediated hepatic insulin signaling in IRS2-deficient mice
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE: Mice with complete deletion of insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) develop hyperglycemia, impaired hepatic insulin signaling, and elevated gluconeogenesis, whereas mice deficient for protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)1B display an opposing hepatic phenotype characterized by increased sensitivity to insulin. To define the relationship between these two signaling pathways in the regulation of liver metabolism, we used genetic and pharmacological approaches to study the effects of inhibiting PTP1B on hepatic insulin signaling and expression of gluconeogenic enzymes in IRS2(-/-) mice. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We analyzed glucose homeostasis and insulin signaling in liver and isolated hepatocytes from IRS2(-/-) and IRS2(-/-)/PTP1B(-/-) mice. Additionally, hepatic insulin signaling was assessed in control and IRS2(-/-) mice treated with resveratrol, an antioxidant present in red wine. RESULTS: In livers of hyperglycemic IRS2(-/-) mice, the expression levels of PTP1B and its association with the insulin receptor (IR) were increased. The absence of PTP1B in the double-mutant mice restored hepatic IRS1-mediated phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase/Akt/Foxo1 signaling. Moreover, resveratrol treatment of hyperglycemic IRS2(-/-) mice decreased hepatic PTP1B mRNA and inhibited PTP1B activity, thereby restoring IRS1-mediated PI 3-kinase/Akt/Foxo1 signaling and peripheral insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: By regulating the phosphorylation state of IR, PTB1B determines sensitivity to insulin in liver and exerts a unique role in the interplay between IRS1 and IRS2 in the modulation of hepatic insulin action.
Comentarios divulgativos:
La eliminación total del gen del receptor de insulina 2 en ratones da como consecuencia la aparición de hiperglucemia, elevada gluconeogénesis. Sin embargo la deficiencia en la proteína tirosina fosfatasa (PTP) muestra el fenotipo contrario caracterizado por un incremento de la sensibilidad a insulina.
Con el objeto de definir la relación entre estas dos señales en la regulación del metabolismo hepático hemos usado aproximaciones genéticas y farmacológicas para estudiar la inhibición de PTB1B en ratones. Tratamientos con resveratrol en la hiperglicemia de ratones IRS2(-/-) disminuyen el mRNA de PTB1B e inhiben la actividad de PTB1B.