Estudios científicos

Urinary Tartaric Acid, a Biomarker of Wine Intake, Correlates with Lower Total and LDL Cholesterol

Abstract:

Postmenopausal women are at higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases due to changes in lipid profile and body fat, among others. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of urinary tartaric acid, a biomarker of wine consumption, with anthropometric (weight, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-height ratio), blood pressure, and biochemical variables (blood glucose and lipid profile) that may be affected during the menopausal transition. This sub-study of the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) trial included a sample of 230 women aged 60-80 years with high cardiovascular risk at baseline. Urine samples were diluted and filtered, and tartaric acid was analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Correlations between tartaric acid and the study variables were adjusted for age, education level, smoking status, physical activity, BMI, cholesterol-lowering, antihypertensive, and insulin treatment, total energy intake, and consumption of fruits, vegetables, and raisins. A strong association was observed between wine consumption and urinary tartaric acid (0.01 μg/mg (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.01, 0.01), p-value < 0.001). Total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were inversely correlated with urinary tartaric acid (-3.13 μg/mg (-5.54, -0.71), p-value = 0.016 and -3.03 μg/mg (-5.62, -0.42), p-value = 0.027, respectively), whereas other biochemical and anthropometric variables were unrelated. The results suggest that wine consumption may have a positive effect on cardiovascular health in postmenopausal women, underpinning its nutraceutical properties.

Comentarios divulgativos:

Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que el consumo de vino podría tener un efecto positivo en los niveles de colesterol total y colesterol LDL de las mujeres en la posmenopausia.

En la posmenopausia la salud cardiovascular de la mujer se vuelve más vulnerable y puede empeorar, por ejemplo, al aumentar los niveles de colesterol total y de colesterol LDL, que puede llegar a ser dañino.

En este estudio observacional participaron 230 mujeres españolas con posmenopausia y se encontró que los niveles de colesterol total y colesterol LDL mejoraban en las mujeres con posmenopausia que bebían vino y que presentaban niveles de ácido tartárico en orina más elevados. El ácido tartárico es un compuesto que se utiliza como biomarcador, para confirmar objetivamente el consumo de vino.