Estudios científicos
Red wine alleviates atherosclerosis-related inflammatory markers in healthy subjects rather than in high cardiovascular risk subjects: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Abstract:
Background: Moderate red wine (RW) consumption is associated with a low risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, few studies have evaluated the effects of RW and white wine (WW) on inflammatory markers related to atherosclerosis in healthy individuals and high-risk subjects for CVD. This study aimed to assess the effect of RW on inflammatory markers in healthy individuals and high-risk subjects for CVD compared with moderate alcohol consumption.
Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 (PRISMA) was followed in this study. The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, SinoMed, EbscoHost, and ScienceDirect databases were searched. The risk of bias and quality of the included trials were assessed using the Cochrane Handbook. The main results are summarized in Stata 12.
Results: Twelve studies were included in the meta-analysis. The results demonstrated that RW significantly decreased circulating intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1, and Sialyl-Lewis X expression on the surface of monocytes in healthy subjects, but not in patients with CVD. Additionally, RW significantly decreased Sialyl-Lewis X but increased clusters of differentiation 40 (CD40) expressed on the surface of T lymphocytes and significantly decreased C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) and very late activation antigen 4 (VLA-4) expressed on the surface of monocytes. Interestingly, subgroup analysis also found that RW significantly decreased circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) in Spain but not in other countries, and significantly increased αMβ2 (Mac-1) in the group that had an intervention duration of less than 3 weeks.
Conclusions: Moderate consumption of RW is more effective than WW in alleviating atherosclerosis-related inflammatory markers in healthy people rather than high-risk subjects for CVD, but this needs to be further confirmed by studies with larger sample sizes.
Comentarios divulgativos:
La aterosclerosis es una afección caracterizada por la inflamación y el acúmulo de colesterol en las paredes de los vasos sanguíneos, que puede dar lugar a su estrechamiento y a la reducción del flujo sanguíneo. Esta revisión de la literatura científica analiza cómo afecta el consumo de vino tinto y vino blanco al desarrollo de la aterosclerosis de personas sanas y personas con un riesgo cardiovascular elevado.
Aunque son necesarios estudios más robustos que corroboren estos resultados, los datos disponibles indican que el vino tinto tiene un efecto más positivo que el vino blanco para mejorar los niveles de biomarcadores inflamatorios relacionados con la aterosclerosis en personas sanas.
Concretamente, este metanálisis de la evidencia disponible incluyó 12 estudios que mostraron que el consumo moderado de vino tinto mejoraba las siguientes moléculas, que son marcadores de inflamación y de la evolución de la aterosclerosis, en comparación con el vino blanco, específicamente en personas sanas, pero no en aquellas con una enfermedad cardiovascular: ICAM-1, VCAM-1, TNF-α y LFA-1, SLeX, CCR2, VLA-4. Mientras que no se observaron cambios ni positivos, ni negativos para estas otras moléculas: proteína C reactiva, E-selectina, IL-10, MCP-1 o CD40. Además, se observó que el marcador de inflamación IL-6, mejoraba específicamente en los estudios realizados en población española.
