
Estudios científicos
Screening of wine industry by-products as a source of bioactive peptides: Fractionation, in vitro antihypertensive activity and peptidomics analysis.
Abstract:
The suitability of grape pomace and wine lees protein isolates as a source of bioactive peptides with antihypertensive activity was evaluated through hydrolysis with different proteolytic enzymes. Peptides were initially fractionated by ultrafiltration. The determination of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity evidenced that hydrolysates of Flavourzyme from grape pomace and of Alcalase from wine lees showed higher bioactivities. The fractions <3 kDa of these hydrolysates were further purified by semipreparative reversed-phase liquid chromatography. The peptidome of the fractions showing the highest angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activities was characterised by nano-liquid chromatography-Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry. The analysis of the chemical features of identified peptides like hydrophobicity and the frequency of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory-active di-, tri- and tetrapeptide motives was associated with the antihypertensive activity. The peptides GPCKFYYGK, FSSFYYGK and YYGKF, among others, appear to contribute significantly to the antihypertensive activity of the hydrolysates.
Comentarios divulgativos:
Este trabajo experimental analizó la viabilidad de extraer compuestos con propiedades antihipertensivas a partir de los subproductos generados durante la elaboración del vino. Concretamente evaluó la posibilidad de obtener péptidos bioactivos, que son moléculas formadas por la unión de varios aminoácidos, a partir del orujo de uva y de las lías del vino.
Tras la purificación de los péptidos bioactivos de las lías y el orujo de la uva se llevó a cabo un análisis de peptidómica, para identificar aquellos con mayor capacidad antihipertensiva. Se identificaron péptidos con capacidad para inhibir el enzima convertidora de angiotensina I (ACE), un enzima que también se encuentra en el organismo humano y que desempeña un papel crucial en la modulación de la presión arterial. En futuras investigaciones, será necesario validar estos hallazgos en modelos in vivo.